释“诗体正变”——中国诗学之诗史观

Interpreting "Transformation of Poem Style" -Concepts of Poet History in Chinese Poetics

传统的中国诗学有其独特的诗史观,它是围绕“诗体正变”问题而展开的。这一观念自酝酿以至成熟,大致经历了由“风雅正变”到“质文代变”再到“诗体正变”几个阶段。“诗体正变”说的特点:一是将诗歌演变的历程归结为诗体流变,力图从诗歌体式变化的角度来显示诗歌创作的盛表和时代风气的转移;二是讲“源流正变”,且多带有“伸正诎变”的倾向;三是不忽视各种内因与外因对诗歌发展的推动作用,而将其影响落实到诗体变迁上来。近代进化论史学观确立后,“诗体正变”说受到冷落, 但其中蕴藏着的丰富的历史经验仍值得认真总结与借鉴。

Traditional Chinese poetics had its unique concept of poet history. It is based on the issue of ＂transformation of poem style＂. The developing process of this concept experienced three stages. After the establishment of the modern evolutionism historical conception, the theory of ＂transformation of poem style＂ is desolated, but its historic experience is worthy of summarizing and referencing.