旅游活动对九寨沟地表径流氮磷流失的影响研究

Effect of tourism on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff In Jiuzhaigou world nature heritage reserve

2005年4—9月,选择九寨沟旅游热点景点五花海与珍珠滩,设置了4组对比样地(干扰与未干扰对照),采用径流实验方法定位监测了25个降雨事件下的地表径流、湖边水体与地表降水中的全氮、全磷含量,分析了旅游活动对九寨沟核心景区林下地表径流与湖边水质中氮/磷含量的影响,探讨了旅游活动对湖泊水质变化的影响。研究发现:(1)地表径流中的全氮/全磷含量均显著高于近地表层降水中的全氮与全磷,也显著高于天然降水中的含量;(2)旅游活动后,径流全氮和全磷含量都增大;(3)径流全氮和全磷含量与土壤物理因子呈显著相关关系,地被覆盖因子中的凋落物因子影响径流全磷含量较显著;(4)地表径流全氮、全磷含量大于湖边水全氮、全磷含量,两者之间为正相关关系,表明旅游活动引起了氮/磷向湖泊的输入加大。研究结果提示,控制游客的游径扩大,湖岸边地被层植被恢复等措施是削减湖泊富营养化的有效措施。

From April to September, 2005, we supervised effect of tourism on surface runoff in concentration sites （colorful lake and pearl waterfront） adopted as surface flow experiment in Jiuzhaigou world nature heritage reserve, analysis nitrogen and phosphorus in rainfall and runoff in 25 rainfall events, it was found that, 1） Content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface runoff higher than total nitrogen and total phosphorus in cut through rainfall, higher than the content in natural precipitation notably too; 2） Content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface runoff is increased after tourism; 3） Soil physical factor is strongly impacted total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface runoff, the factor of withers and falls influence total phosphorus in surface runoff is remarkable; 4） Content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface runoff are greater than total nitrogen and total phosphorus of lakeside water, relation positive correlation between the two, it＇s indicated nitrogen and phosphorus quantity of inputs the lake to enlarge after tourism, the result of study suggests controlling the visiting and expanding directly of visitors, the measure of resuming by one storey of vegetation etc. besides of lake is to cut down the eutrophication effective measure of Jiuzhaigou world nature heritage reserve.