台湾泥岩地区不同刺竹林景观下之土壤与植被变异

Variation of soil property and vegetation under different thorny bamboo landscape at mudstone area in Taiwan

台湾西南部泥岩恶地，由于其特殊之土壤，地力流失消耗与区域微气候型态之间的因果循环，在水土保持与景观上形成不易植生绿化的地区及特殊之世界地形。泥岩地区之不同刺林林相之土壤，其林相皆伐后复层植被区土壤性质变异高于其它位置，而其它区之土壤理化性质在时间及空间上之变异不大，可明显区分林相不同之显著差异。不同林相对泥岩地浅层土壤（0～20cn）理化性质的差异，以植物营养元素与植生覆盖因子可充分说明（约占变异范围之62％）。泥岩试区区中移动性物质（交换性钙、钠与镁）明显较少出现在复层林相处区，而易出现于淋洗、冲蚀量较大之刺林相保留区与隔丛择伐区。长效性植物营养元素因子（pH值与有效性磷），因长时间之林相不同，使其较明显趋于复层林相区堆积，并影响地表植生之种类、分布与覆盖情形。0-20cm土壤性质的分布和离子间的移动特性有关，移动性高的钠、镁离子会在冲蚀量高之区域出现，20-40cm土壤性质的分布则和土壤中之母质与植生有关并与因素分析结果相似，其次为可移动性离子的影响，且应用地理统计印证土壤性质在空间之变化，其分布确实与不同林相位置有关，即植生营养元素（pH值、有效性磷）大都朝向复层植被区之趋势。典型相关分析结果。地表覆盖度与入侵植物数量两变量主要系透过第一个典型因素与第二个典型因素而影响到复层植被区之pH值、有机质等土壤理化性质。

Due to the poor condition of soil and micro-climate condition, the mudstone area in the South-Western Taiwan was hard to plant and then always in bare condition which got a nickname of Moon World. Study results indicated that the highest variation of soil properties was found under the cut and replant multi-layer vegetation treatment, and there were not significantly different under other treatments. The major variations of surface soil（ 0-20 cm ）properties were plant nutrients, which were affected by the vegetative cover. Plant nutrients （organic matter, and available phosphate ） were accumulated in surface soil under multi-layer vegetation treatment, which will affect the species, distribution, and cover of plants. The distribution of plant nutrients in surface soil is related to movement of ion. Mobile Na and Mg ions were found in original forest （ high erosive area ） . The sub-soil （ 20-40 cm） nutrient distribution is related to soil mineral and vegetation. Especially, the nutrient of vegetation such as pH, organic matter, and available phosphate, is gathered in muti-layer vegetation area. The canonical correlation analysis showed that vegetation cover and invasion amount influenced soil properties ofpH, organic matter by first and second canonical factors.