NK细胞的生物学特性及临床应用研究进展

Biology and clinical application of human natural killer cells

目前NK细胞的临床治疗主要通过利用细胞因子体内扩增、激活NK细胞和体外产生LAK、CIK细胞杀伤自体肿瘤细胞,但并未取得实质性进展。随着自然杀伤细胞抑制性受体(KIR)及其他NK细胞受体(NKR)的发现,对NK细胞受体在识别和裂解肿瘤细胞的重要作用的不断了解,为肿瘤的免疫治疗提供了新的治疗策略。由KIR独特型不相容引发的NK细胞异源反应性在异基因造血干细胞移植中促进移植物植入,预防GVHD发生以及增强GVL作用,已经成为国内外学者研究的热点。就目前关于NK细胞的生物学特性及临床应用研究进展予以综述。

To date, natural killer （NK） cells clinical therapy, mostly focused on killing autologous tumor cells by expansion, activation in vivo and producing lymphokine activated killer （LAK） cells, cytokine induced killer （CIK） cells in vitro with cytokines, has met with only modest success. However recent understanding of the importance of killer cell immunoglobulin receptors （KIRs） and other NK receptors （NKR） for recognition and lysis of tumor cells suggests novel immune therapeutic strategies. It has been evidenced that alloreactivity of NK cells because of KIRs epitope mismatch could facilitate engraftment, prevent graft-versushost disease （GVHD）, introducing graft-versus-leukemia （GVL） effect. This review aims at the biology and clinical application of human natural killer cells.