东莞企业缺工状况调查

A Study into the Workforce Shortage in Dongguan's Enterprises

东莞民工短缺呈现如下特点:从来源结构来看,主要是内地来东莞劳动力减少;从年龄结构来看,以20-30岁的青年为主;从性别结构来看,以女工为主;从工种结构来看,以普工为主;从产业结构来看,以劳动密集型企业为主。同时,东莞缺工具有明显的持续性。解决缺工问题的对策是提高薪酬待遇,改善用工环境,增加东莞对外来务工人员的吸引力;彻底改革二元户籍制度,突破农民进莞务工经商的制度壁垒;建立和完善社会保障体系,保护农民工的在莞合法权益;建立和完善企业与民工间的契约保障机制和信用约束机制,构建和谐的劳资关系;建设劳动力市场信息系统,完善东莞的就业服务体系;调整东莞经济增长模式,提高企业附加值;重视民工的精神需求,激发青年民工的积极性。

The shortage of labourers in Dongguan has following obvious characteristics： Viewed from the source structure, there are less labourers coming from inner land to Dongguan; from the age structure, they are mostly youngsters aged form 20 to 30; from the gender structure, most of them are female; from the work type structure, they are mostly unskilled workers; and from the industry structure, the related enterprises are mainly labour-intensive. At the same time, the lack of labourers has its obvious consistence. To resolve these problems the salary of the workers should be increased, and the working conditions improved to enhance the attractiveness of Dongguan to them. The dual-level residentship should be thoroughly removed to break the entry barriers for the rural labourers to come to Dongguan. We should set up and perfect the social insurance system to protect the labourers legal rights, create and consummate the contract approved system and credit inhibiting system to establish a harmonious relationship between employees and employers, build labour market information system to improve the employment service system, adjust the growing model of Dongguan to increase the enterprises＇ attached value, and pay attention to the spiritual needs of the labourers to motivate the young workers.