后现代语境:重提法国学派和美国学派

Postmodern Contexts: Reconsidering French School and American School

在19世纪弥漫于欧洲的实证主义学术氛围中,法国学派的实证研究对比较文学学科的“合法化”也许是必要的。在20世纪西方诗学的“语言学转向”的背景中,美国学派以一种世界主义的视角标举无事实联系的美学研究,扩大了比较文学的研究对象和研究范围。但在90年代,美国学派理论中的本质主义、中心主义倾向部分导致了比较文学的危机。在多元文化语境中,比较文学研究应由共通性转向差异性。

It might bc effective for French School to use the positive method of study to legalize comparative literature as a subject, considering the dominant positivism in Europe in the 19th century. In the setting of＇linguistic turn＇ in the field of western poetics in the 20th century, American School introduced, in view of cosmopolitism, the aesthetical method of study, which expanded the object and the range of comparative literature studies .But the essentialism and the Eurocentralism in American school＇s theory became part of the cause for the crisis of comparative literature in the 1990＇s. Comparative literature studies should turn to difference from their general characters in multicultural contexts.