论“让人民成为财产主人”目标的实际演化——各国财产再分配中的一个共性问题

Evolution of Goal of People become the Property Owners A Common Issue in the Redistribution of Property

在财产再分配中,“让人民成为财产主人”虽然是十分理想的目标,但在实际制度演化中总是变得十分不确定,原因是在财产再分配的对象、价格、过程和财产权利行使方式四个方面存在争议。本文认为“让人民成为财产主人”可以理解为一个效率最优和公平最优的理想目标,人们可以相对逼近而不能完全达到这个目标。主要问题是人们通过谁来发现制度演变中的最优结果。事实上,只有自由自愿竞争博弈达成的交易均衡,即帕累托均衡才是效率最优和公平最优的。政府最好的选择是创造充分自由自愿竞争交易的环境,让自由竞争作为主体来发现财产再分配中同理想目标最接近的结果。这个结果如同自然界生态平衡一样,是相对最优的格局。

In the redistribution of property the goal of letting people being the property owners seem to be ideal but it is undetermined in the real practice. The causes lie in the dispute in the object, price, process and property right. This paper argues that it can be understood as the most efficient and fair target, which can be approached but can＇t be realized. Only the trade equilibrium by game through free competition, i.e. Pareto Equilibrium is the efficiency optimization and fair optimization. The best choice of government is to create an environment for free trade transaction competition, which enables the subject to seek the result most approaching the ideals. It is the optimal pattern.