哺乳动物精子检测技术研究进展

Advance in Spermatozoal Assessment Technologies in Mammal

普通光学显微镜检测精液存在主观性、可变性、分析的精子数量少和与受精能力相关性差等缺点。近些年来,一些新的技术用于检测精子,可以更加细致地评价精子的特性。荧光染色技术可以用于评价精子的特殊性质和功能,包括质膜完整性、获能状态和顶体状态。联合使用荧光染料,可以同时检测精子几种功能特点。流式细胞仪可以在短时间内分析大量的经荧光标记的精子。计算机辅助精子分析系统可以提供精子活力和形态学上客观的和详细的信息。通过检测精子与透明带或者输卵管上皮附着、精子穿透卵母细胞,可以获得精子受精能力的信息。未来的研究方向仍是寻找有效的预测精子受精能力的参数。

The limitations of conventional light microscopic techniques for semen assessment include subjectivity, variability, the small number of spermatozoal analyzed, and poor correlation with fertilizing potential. Recently,several new techniques have been use for mammalian spermatozoal assessment that could evaluate the spermatozoal characteristics detailedly. Fluorerous staining techniques have been developed for evaluating specific spermatozoal characteristic and functions, including plasma membrane integrity, capaciration and acrosome status. Several functional sperm characteristics can be assessed simultaneously by combining fluorescent stains. Large numbers of fluorescently labelled spermatozoa can be analysed in a short time by means of flow cytometry. Computer-assisted sperm analysis systems provide objective and detailed information on various motility characteristics and morphometric dimensions. Evaluating the capacity of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida or oviductal epithelium, or to penetrate the oocyte, provide other information on the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa. The futurer aim of research is still to determine which sperm characteristics are of the most useful for the prediction of in vivo fertility.