解读波普尔客观知识理论的本质与特性

On Understanding the Essence and Features of Popper' Objective Knowledge Theory

20世纪英国科学哲学家波普尔在其著作《客观知识》中提出了一种反对传统知识观的客观知识理论。尽管波普尔的客观知识理论存在一些局限性,但无论是对自然科学还是对社会科学研究都产生了广泛影响。中国学者自20世纪80年代以来主要从科学划界、证伪方法论、知识进化观等单一层面对这一知识理论进行了述评、辩护或批判,而对波普尔知识理论客观性、自主性和进化性却未能给予整体性的观照,从而在评价波普尔的客观知识理论时出现了见仁见智甚至“盲人摸象”的图景。文章旨在通过对客观知识理论本质与特性进行整体性解读,一则对波普尔的知识理论作出合理的评价,二则对人们建构新的知识观提供方法论借鉴。

Karl. Popper developed a kind of Objective Knowledge theory that is against the traditional subjective knowledge theory. There are three types of basic features in the new knowledge theory. Namely. objectivity, independence and evolution. Not only could Karl. Popper＇ objective knowledge theory share the rationality but also methodological value for natural scientific research and social rescarch, However, the limitations and passive influence concerned with the objective knowledge theory were pointed out. Finally, the author viewed that we ought to keep attitude of dividing one thing into two in drawing a lesson from the Objective Knowledge theory.