缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能

Soil Characteristics and Water Conservation of Different Forest Types in Jinyun Mountain

通过分析不同林地类型土壤特性及林地枯落物水文特性，对缙云山4种类型（针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、楠竹林和灌木林）林地涵养水源功能进行了研究。结果表明，灌木林表土层有机质含量为楠竹林的3．75倍。针阔混交林有机质含量为楠竹林的2．22倍。常绿阔叶林有机质含量为楠竹林的1．53倍。枯落物蓄积量为16．21～32．42t／hm^2，枯落物最大持水率次序为针阔混交林〉灌木林〉常绿阔叶林〉楠竹林。最大持水量为灌术林〉针阔混交林〉常绿阔叶林〉楠竹林。土壤非毛管持水量由大到小依次是灌木林（66．2mm）〉针阔混交林（57．52mm）〉常绿阔叶林（47．99mm）〉楠竹林（46．98mm）。灌木林土壤饱和蓄水量最好，为266．48mm；针阔混交林较好．为190．4mm；常绿阔叶林次之。为186．8mm；楠竹林最差，为174．8mm。灌术林和针阔混交林较楠竹林有更好的涵养水源功能。在今后的森林经营中，应考虑营造灌木林和混交林。

The soil characteristics and hydrological effects of forest litter were carried out, and the soil of four forest types （mixed wood, broadleaf forest, bamboo forest and shrub forest）in Jinyun mountain of Chongqing city were selected to test their water conservation. The results indicated that organic matter content of shrub forest is 3.75 times than that of bamboo forest,organic matter content of mixed wood is 2.22 times than that of bamboo forest,organic matter content of broadleaf forest is 1.53 times than that of bamboo forest. The litter amount is 16.21～ 32.42 t/hm^2. The sequence of maximal litter water retention rate is mixed wood,shrub forest〉broadleaf forest 〉 bamboo forest. The sequence of maximal litter water retention is shrub forest〉 mixed wood〉broadleaf forest〉bamboo forest. The non-capillary holding capacity from high to low is shrub forest （66.2 mm）〉mixed wood〉 （57.52 mm）〉broadleaf forest （47.99 mm）〉bamboo forest （46.98 mm）. The saturation holding capacity of shrub forest is 266.48 mm, 190. 4 mm; in mixed wood, 186.8 mm in broadleaf forest,and 174.8 mm in the bamboo forest. The shrub forest and mixed wood have higher water conservation ruction than the bamboo forest. Therefore,it is proposed that in the future the shrub forest and mixed wood should be afforested and managed firstly.