基于GIS和NFM的耕地多宜性评价方法与应用研究

Evaluation Method and Its Application Research on Cultivated Land Multi-Suitability Based on GIS and NFM

生态位适宜度是对经典生态位理论和方法的深化与发展,在合理优化利用环境资源,发挥作物、环境最大共生效应,及工农业布局和指导农业生产中具有重要的实际意义。在可持续发展理论的指导下,以江汉平原后湖地区耕地为研究对象,将生态位适宜度模型引入到多宜性评价研究中,采用加权平均和限制因子模型对各评价单元水稻、油菜、小麦和棉花4种作物的生态位适宜度进行了定量分析。结果表明:研究区生态位适宜度值整体较高,生境条件基本能满足作物的需求;部分地块的生境条件需要改善;限制该地区土地生产潜力的生态因子主要为:CEC,速效磷和全氮。研究结果能直接指导农业生产实践,促进耕地的合理利用与管理。

The Niche-fitness theory is a further development of the classical niche theory and an extension of the related methods. It is important for human being to utilize environmental resource under sound and optimum state, to exert the most symbiotic domino effect for crop and environment and to layout or produce for industry and agriculture. Under the guidance of the theory of sustainable development for Chinese agriculture, taking Houhu Farm area in Jianghan plain as the example, and introducing the Niche-fitness ModeI（NFM） into the research of multi-suitability evaluation on cultivated land, this study develops quantitative analysis of niche fitness for rice, wheat, cotton and rape, which is obtained by adding weight and limiting factors models. The results indicate that the Niche-fitness value in this area is in medium and high side, the condition of zoology and environment can be able to meet basic requirement of crop in the total farm, and a part of plot should be improved in the area. At the same time, it is proved that CEC, soluble phosphorus and total nitrogen are the primary niche factors that restrict land productive potential in this area. These results can be used to supervise agricultural produce immediately, to promote reasonable utilization and scientific management of cultivated land resources.