中国食用菌产业的战略地位及发展展望

Present Status and Future Prospects of the Mushroom Industry in China

以食用菌产业在自然循环和经济循环中地位和作用的视角,综述了品种多样化与优良菌种培育、食用菌发展模式特点、生产演进过程、保健和环保功能等方面的研究。阐述了中国发展食用菌产业在菌种资源、原料资源、自然气候资源、劳动力资源等方面的优势,及在资源保护与新材料收集保育、品种保护和相关政策法规、标准化、产品的精深加工、产业化、产业集群与空间结构优化、学科定位-梯队建设-后备人才培养等方面产业发展存在的问题和展望。

The present status and operation of the mushroom industry in China are summarized in terms of environmental and economic cycles, variety diversity, breeding of high quality varieties, features associated with developing mushroom industry models, evolving cultivation techniques, health functions and environmental protection. The advantages enjoyed by China＇s mushroom industry such as strain resources, raw material and labor resources, and varied climatic conditions are also explored. Problems relating to resource protection, new germplasm preservation and breeding, variety protection and associated policies and laws, the need to manufacture finished and highly processed mushroom products, industrialization, industrial clustering, optimization of industry structure, mycology training, lack of multi-skilled teams with different experience levels, and the need to foster reserves of talent are discussed. Projections are also made for the future development of China＇s mushroom industry.