三种高寒草甸植被类型植物群落结构及其土壤环境因子研究

Investigation of the Plant Community and Soil Environmental Factors of Three Alpine Vegetation Types

对海北定位站地区分布的金露梅灌丛草甸、矮嵩草草甸和沼泽化藏嵩草草甸3种高寒植被类型群落及土壤环境因子的观测结果表明：3种植被类型地上年净生产量依次为矮嵩草草甸（339．594g／m^2）〉沼泽化藏嵩草草甸（339．358g／m^2）〉金露梅灌丛草甸（278．299g／m^2）；光能利用率为矮嵩草草甸（0．099％）〉沼泽化藏嵩草草甸（0．091％）〉金露梅灌·丛草甸（0．075％）；植被群落的种类组成为矮嵩草草甸（54种）〉金露梅灌丛草甸（47种）〉沼泽化藏嵩草草甸（24种）。观察矮嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸0～20cm土壤温湿度表明，矮嵩草草甸土壤温度〉金露梅灌丛草甸，土壤湿度则相反，其中矮嵩草草甸土壤温度较高，土壤湿度较低，金露梅灌丛草甸则是高土壤湿度和低土壤温度，而沼泽化藏嵩草草甸土壤湿度达饱和甚至超饱和状态，土壤温度显得更低。

Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station with the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted an investigation of the plant community and soil environment factors of a Potentilla fruticosa shrub meadow, a Kobresia humilis meadow and a swamp meadow. Results show that the annual above-ground biomass of the K. humilis meadow reached 339. 594 g/m^2, that of the swamp meadow, 339. 358 g/m^2, and of the P. fruticosa shrub meadow, 278. 299 g/m^2. The rate of solar energy utilization of the K. humilis meadow was 0. 099%, of the swamp meadow, 0. 091%, and of the P. fruticosa shrub meadow, 0. 075%. There were 54 species in the plant community of the K. humilis meadow, 47 species in the community of the P. fruticosa shrub meadow, and 24 species in the swamp meadow. The soil temperature within 0-20 cm depth of the K. humilis meadow was higher than that of the P. fruticosa shrub meadow at the same depth, but the soil humidity density of the two was the reverse. To sum up, the soil of K. humilis meadow boasted higher temperature and lower humidity than those of the P. fruticosa shrub meadow, while the soil of the swamp meadow had the highest humidity of saturation but the lowest temperature.