小儿烧伤及相关因素的流行病学调查与分析

Epidemiological Survey of Pediatric Burn and Correlative Factors

【目的】了解小儿烧伤的流行病学特征。【方法】对808例小儿烧伤患者的年龄、性别、地域、烧伤时间、月份、地点、致伤因素、部位、程度、院前处理、并发症、转归以及监护人文化程度等因素进行流行病学调查。【结果】808例小儿烧伤患者占同期住院烧伤病人46．12％，烧伤高峰年龄在1～3岁，高发月份1、4、5月份，时间主要分布在18：00-20：00，监护人文化程度、家庭年收入越低，发病率越高，烧伤因素以热水烫伤最为常见（占77．1％），烧伤程度以中度者居多（占50．2％），部位以四肢居多（占56．2％），入院前无处理或非正规处理者非常常见（占95．2％）。随诊375例，后期发生瘢痕增生或瘢痕挛缩畸形者占46．9％。【结论】小儿烧伤是小儿创伤中的常见病与多发病。严重影响小儿的生存质量；加强安全意识及入院前处理，可降低小儿烧伤的发病率以及减轻其损害程度。

[ObjeetivelTo explore the epidemiologieal feature of pediatric burn. [Methods]The epidemiological survey of 808 cases of pediatric burn in-patients was performed. The survey included the age, sex; region; burn time; factors, site, and level of injury; complications; prognosis; education level of guardian. [Results]Eighty hundred and eight patients of pediatric burn,46.12% of homoehronous burn in-patients,were analysed in the survey. The peak age of burn was 1-3 years, the peak months were January, April and May, and the peak time was mainly 18-20 o＇clock. The education level of guardian and annual income of family were lower, the morbility rate was higher. The hot water scalding was the most common factor of burn and the flame was another very common factor of burn. Moderate level of burn was more common in burn level and four limbs were the most common site among burn children. No processing or non-professional processing before admission was very common. Three hundred seventy five eases of pediatric burn were followed-up. The sear hyperplasia or sear eontraeture and malformation occurred in 46.9 % of patients. [Conclusion]Pediatric burn is a frequently encountered disease of pediatric injury, which has a serious influence on life quality of children. Enhancing safe consciousness and popularization of basic protection knowledge, especially the processing before admission could decrease the incidence rate of pediatric burn and abate the distress level of injury.