冬小麦氮效率的基因型差异及其对氮的反应

Difference of Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of Different Winter Wheat Genotype and the Reaction to N-fertilizer

研究了冬小麦氮效率的基因型差异及其对氮素的反应,结果表明:在不同生育时期不同基因型冬小麦地上部分氮素累积量不同,其中生长前期和后期基因型间差异显著,而在中期(拔节、开花期)差异不明显;施氮处理时不同基因型冬小麦地上部氮素累积量明显有拔节期和灌浆～成熟期2个高峰期,而不施氮处理时地上部氮素累积量在整个生育期中差异较大;在根系氮素累积量上,在苗期,尤其是返青期,基因型间的大幅度变化是基因型与施氮共同作用的结果;氮转移量、氮转移效率、转移氮对籽粒的贡献率、氮收获指数等,在氮处理间及基因型间均存在显著或极显著差异,即不同基因型在不同时期对氮素同化、运转和累积具有遗传多样性。

The various metabolizabilities of physiology and bioehemics must exist in the different genotypes of winter wheat varieties and lead to different Nitrogen utilization efficiencies among various winter wheat varieties. The experiment in the difference of nitrogen accumulation, the translocation of different winter wheat genotypes and its change to N fertilizer was carried out to provide the theoretic foundation for suitable fertilizer. The results showed the over-ground nitrogen accumulation of the different genotypes were greatly various in every growth phase and it had significantly difference between the prophase and anaphase but in metaphase （jointing and flowering）. Their reaction to N fertilizer was as follows： there were two fastigium for the over-ground nitrogen accumulation of the different genotypes when N fertilizer was used： one was in the jointing and another was from filling to maturity but it changed greatly in the whole growth phase when N fertilizer was not applied. The nitrogen accumulation in the root of the different genotype was greatly changed in seedling. Significant difference of NT, NTE, NCR and NHI etc. was existed among the different N fertilizer treatments and genotypes. The abundant genetic diversity in the nitrogen assimilation, translocation and accumulation of different genotypes was existed in each growth phase.