果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量、发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢散发量及营养素利用率的影响

Effects of Fructo-oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis on Intestinal Microflora, Fecal Emission of Ammonia and Sulfureted Hydrogen and Nutrient Availability in Broilers

选用360只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。试验饲粮分别为:基础饲粮(对照组),基础饲粮+0.3%果寡糖,基础饲粮+0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌,基础饲粮+0.3%果寡糖+0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌,基础饲粮+150 mg/kg金霉素(有效成分为15%)。结果表明:果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌具有选择性地增加肉鸡盲肠中的乳酸杆菌等有益菌群的数量,减少大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等有害菌的数量,二者的复合添加可以更好地调节肉鸡肠道微生态环境;与对照组相比,肉鸡饲粮中果寡糖的添加使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低38.38%(P<0.05)和24.35%(P<0.05),果寡糖+枯草芽孢杆菌的添加使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低62.14%(P<0.05)和28.49%(P<0.05),枯草芽孢杆菌或金霉素的添加对发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量均无显著影响(P>0.05);果寡糖、枯草芽孢杆菌和果寡糖+枯草芽孢杆菌的添加,使肉鸡对粗灰分的利用率分别提高了18.94%(P<0.05)、17.36%(P<0.05)和23.66%(P<0.05),钙的利用率分别提高了20.78%(P<0.05)、14.63%(P<0.05)和21.31%(P<0.05),磷的利用率分别提高了6.60%(P>0.05)、12.32%(P<0.05)和14.67%(P<0.05),但不影响粗蛋白利用率(P>0.05)。

A total of 360 newly-hatched AA broilers were randomly allotted into five dietary treatments with 6 replications of 12 broilers. The five experimential diets were consisted of corn-soybean meal basal diet without antibiotics as control treatment and the other four ones which supplemented the basal diet with 0.3% FOS, 0.1% Bacillus subtilis, 0.3% FOS ＋ 0.1% Bacillus subtilis, and 22.5 mg/kg Aureomycin, respectively. The result indicated that dietary supplementation with FOS or Bacillus alone had selective effects on increasing caecal population of Lactobacillus and decreasing population of E. Coli and Salmonella. However, supplemental Aureomycin had non-selective effects on caecal microflora which inhibited all bacteria. Moreover, the combination of FOS and Bacillus had much better improvement on caecal micro-ecosystem for broiler cockerels. Fecal emission of ammonia and sulfureted hydrogen decreased by 38. 38% （P〈0.05） and 24.35% （P〈0. 05） resulted from addition of FOS and by 62.14% （P〈0. 05） and 28. 49% （P〈0. 05） for combination of supplemental FOS and Bacillus, whereas no effect was significant （P〉0.05） due to dietary supplementation with Bacillus or Aureomycin. Availability of crude ash increased by 18. 94% （P〈0. 05）, 17.36% （P〈0. 05） and 23.66% （P〈0.05）, calcium by 20. 78% （P〈0. 05）, 14. 63% （P〈0. 05） and 21.31% （P〈0. 05）, and Phosphorus by 6.60%（P〉0.05）, 12.32% （P〈0.05） and 14. 67%（P〈0.05）, respectively, resulted from dietary supplementation with FOS, Bacillus and combination of FOS and Bacillus.