宏基因组学在海洋药物研究中的应用

Metagenomics and their application in the research of marine natural drugs

目前,超过95%的海洋微生物不能够人工培养,这造成了资源获取上的瓶颈问题,进而限制了大量新海洋药物的开发和研究。宏基因组学是一种不依赖于人工培养,直接从海洋环境中提取DNA建立宏基因组文库的方法;如此建立的文库理论上可以覆盖环境中所有微生物的遗传信息,因此,宏基因组学的出现使获得大量生物资源成为可能。功能基因或者某一合成通路的基因簇可以用特定方法分析鉴定,进而异源表达获得异源活性物质。宏基因组学方法主要包括大片段DNA的分离、宏基因组文库的构建、基因筛选、基因簇的表达及阳性克隆的检测。本文综述了宏基因组学的研究方法及其在海洋药物开发中的地位和应用,并探讨了宏基因组学在海洋药物研究中的应用前景。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of marine sponge Craniella australiensis collected from the South China Sea. Methods Compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were identified based on spectral analyses and chemical evidence. Results Four compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract and identified as. β-sitosterol （ Ⅰ ）, 3β, 6β-stigmast-4-en-3,6-diol （ Ⅱ ）, 1,12-diazacyclodocosane-2,11- dione （ Ⅲ ）, uracil （Ⅳ）. Conclusion All these compounds were isolated from this sponge for the first time.