内燃机车启动用富液免维护铅酸蓄电池的探讨

Research and Development of Maintenance Free Starting Lead Acid Battery for Locomotives

多年应用于铁路内燃机车启动用阀控式铅酸蓄电池出现的问题主要是早期容量损失的影响：（1）由于板栅合金不合理,在活性物质与板栅之间产生的阻挡层增大了电池的内阻,产生的第1类早期容量损失,缩写为PCL-Ⅰ.（2）正极活性物质软化形成的不可逆的现象称为第2类早期容量损失,缩写为PCL-Ⅱ.（3）负极活性物质添加剂失效,使负极钝化而失效,称为第3类早期容量损失,缩写为PCL-Ⅲ.提出一种NGM系列富液免维护铅酸蓄电池和解决早期容量损失的方法.该系列蓄电池工作在富液密封状态,巧妙的电池壳盖结构设计,分子筛型的气水分离器,减少水的损失.还应用了蓄电池状态指示器.严格调整工艺.使用合理的充电设备,提出了扫频脉冲充电设备（脉冲频率大约F=0.01～10Hz）,使蓄电池在寿命期内免维护.NGM系列富液免维护铅酸蓄电池非常适合铁路内燃机车启动用,也可作为太阳能、风能发电系统储能蓄电池.

Because of the VRLA Battery＇ s some shortcoming, the NGM series flooding maintenance free lead acid battery for operation in flooding sealed state was developed.It is used for starting battery on locomotives. The paper pointed out the premature capacity loss of lead/acid battery used on locomotove. （ 1 ） Because the plank grid of the alloy is not reasonable, there is the major problem between positive active material and grid for the passive layer. It produces first type premature capacity lose, which abbreiviate to PCL- Ⅰ. （2） The phenomenon that positive active material of softening formation is called the second premature capacity loss, PCL- Ⅱ for short. （3） The negative active material additive lose efficacy, which makes the third type premature capacity lose, called PCL- Ⅲ. The paper puts forward a kind of flooded NGM series and overcoming method for the premature capacity loss. The series＇ battery operate under sealing flooded state, which have container cover structure design, the separator of air and water of the maleculer sieve type. It can reduce the loss of water.It is reasonable to refresh the equipments by sweeping frequency pulse charge equipments （the pulse frequency about F = 0.01 - 10 Hz）, which make the flooded NGM series batteries maintenance free in life period. This NGM series battery is fit to the locomotives, and can be used as the solar and wind generating electricity system to store energy.