契丹的茶与茶文化研究

The tea and the tea cultural researches of the generation of Qidan

契丹族的饮茶习俗约在唐朝时期就由中原地区传入，建立辽代政权后，茶主要来源于五代和宋朝，种类有奶茶、散茶、饼茶等，其中不乏龙凤茶、乳茶、岳麓茶等名贵珍品。契丹的茶具有金、银、铜、铁、瓷、陶等质地，分为煮茶器、点茶器、贮茶器、碾茶器、饮茶器。在墓葬壁画中多有表现饮食活动的场面，包括了碾茶、煮茶、备茶、进茶、饮茶等茶道情景。在饮茶习俗方面，先仿唐代的煎茶，后效宋朝的点茶，并具有在人生礼俗、人际交往、岁时节庆、宗教祭祀等方面的社会功能，尤其在宫廷礼仪和官方的交际之中更有表现。契丹的茶文化一直在西辽时期仍在延续，将中原地区的饮茶习俗传入到西域诸国和中亚地区。

The clan of Qidan takes tea the custom to invite period in the tang dynasty from Central plains the region stream into, the Liao a political power of establishment after, the tea mainly comes from five generations and Sung Dynasties, the category contain milk tea, spread the tea, a round flat cake tea.., etc, among them not lack the valuable delicacies, such as dragon Phoenix tea, milk tea and the Yuelu tea.., etc. The tea vessel of the generation of Qidan contain qualities, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, porcelain and pottery.., etc. , ising divided in to boil the tea set, order the tea set, tea set of store, tea set of crush and take tea the machine. Have the condition of the performance food activity more in last home bury mural, include the tea of crush, boil the tea, have the tea, enter the tea and take tea the tea a scene of etc.. In the aspects of taking tea the custom , imitate the fried tea of the Tang Dynasty first, order the tea after the effect Sung Dynasty, and have in the life etiquette and custom, the human relations association, year old the seasonal changes celebrate, the religion offers sacrifices to etc. of social function, even have the performance in the palace rite and the social intercourse of the authoritieses particularly. The tea culture of the generation of Qidan always period continue still in the west Liao , will Central plains the region takes tea the custom to stream into various country in Turkestan and Central Asia region.