退耕还林对土壤抗冲能力的强化效应

The strengthen effects on the anti-rush ability of the soil of the returning land for farming to forestry

抗冲性是土壤生态系统在抵抗面状侵蚀和线状侵蚀过程中所表现出的一种重要性能,主要受植物群落和土壤特征的影响。通过采用索波列夫抗冲法试验,结果表明:①退耕还林3年后,林地10、30、50 cm三个土层的平均产流历时比坡耕地延长1.2、0.87、0.52 s,地表迳流量比坡耕地减少5.216、4.286、2.613 L/m2,土壤抗冲性比坡耕地增强0.277、0.255、0.206 kg/(m2.min);②土层越深,退耕还林对土壤产流历时的延长效应就越短,对土壤产流量的减弱效应就越小,对土壤抗冲性的强化效应就越低;③退耕还林对坡面产流历时的延长效应、对坡面产流量的减弱效应及对土壤抗冲性的强化效应随土壤母质的不同而差别很大。

The anti-rush ability is a main characteristic of the soil ecological system in the planar and filamentary corroding courses, and be affected by plants community and soil＇s characteristics. Based on the Sobolev anti - rush experiment, the results shewed that： ① After three years of the Returning Land for Farming to Forestry Project, according to the three kind layer of soil of forest land in 10cm, 30 cm and 50 cm, the average time of runoff generation in forestry had been extend 1.2 s, 0.87 s and 0.52 s than it in the hillside cultivated, the direct runoff rate in forestry had been decreased 5.216, 4.286 and 2.613 L/m^2 than it in the hillside cultivated, and the anti-rush ability of the soil in forestry had been increased 0.277, 0.255 and 0. 206 kg/m^2· rain than it in the hillside cultivated. ② More thicker in the layer of soil, more shorter effects in the extending time of runoff generation, more lower effects in the direct runoff rate of soil, and more lower in the strengthen effects in the anti-rush ability of soil. ③The obvious different effects in the different soil parent material in slope in following effects： the extending effects of the time of runoff generation, the lower effects of runoff yield and the strengthen effects of the anti-rush ability.