慕士塔格卡尔塔马克冰川作用区的水文与水化学特征

Hydrological and Hydrochemical Features of Kartamak Glacier Area in Muztag Ata

利用2003年6月1日～8月25日实测的水文数据，分析了慕士塔格峰卡尔塔马克冰川融水径流的变化特征．卡尔塔马克冰川融水径流主要集中在6～8月，其存在着明显的日变化过程，融水径流受控于温度及降水要素．同时，对8月10～23日采集的冰川径流样品及部分降水样品的pH、EC（电导率）和主要离子（Na^＋，K^＋，Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋，Cl^-，NO3^-，SO4^2-，未检测降水样品的离子含量）的测定结果进行了分析讨论．径流样品略偏碱性，pH和EC呈正相关关系．SO4^2-和Ca^2＋是所测离子中主导的阴阳离子．除NO3^-外，样品中各离子含量具有一致的变化特征；各离子浓度与流量或水位具有相反的变化趋势．初步讨论了离子的来源，结果表明冰川融水中化学物质组分主要来源于地表．

Based on the measured hydrological data from 1 June to 25 August 2003, the variation characteristics of meltwater runoff draining from Kartamak Glacier in the Muztag Ata are discussed. The meltwater runoff is dependent mainly on ambient temperature and precipitation. Runoff and precipitation samples were collected from 10 to 23 August 2003. Their pH, EC （electric conductivity） were determined. Besides, the major ions （Na^＋ , K^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2-） of runoff samples also determined, pH values show a positive correlation with EC for all samples. Runoff samples are slightly alkaline. Sulfate and calcium are the dominant anion and cation in the measured ions. The major ion concentrations have the similar variations in the samples collected whether on a single day or during the whole sampling period, except for NO3^-, and have an inverse fluctuation with runoff or water level, because of dilution. In order to discuss the classification and origin of each dissolved chemical substance in the glacial meltwater, a principal component analysis is carried out. The results show that the fluctuations of Ca^2＋ and SO4^2- are most similar in all measured cations and anions, and that water-rock interaction determines the ion components of the meltwater.