大庆土壤中石油类污染物迁移模拟

Transferring simulation of petroleum pollutants in soils of Daqing area

针对大庆油田的原油与土壤特点，通过室内土柱模拟，研究了石油类有机污染物对油田土壤环境的污染状况。实验结果表明，虽然石油类污染物是从地表逐渐向下迁移，但在模拟的6年内污染物的最大迁移深度约为25～30cm，而且大于90％的污染物主要分布于10cm以上的土壤中，另外，石油类有机污染物在大庆市典型黑钙土中的相对迁移能力与正构烷烃的分子量及芳香烃的环数成反比。研究证实，大庆市典型土壤对石油类有机？亏染物具有很强的吸附截留能力，绝大部分污染物被截留在土壤表层，因此大庆油田土壤石油污染的防治重点应放在浅层土壤中。

In order to investigate the influences of petroleum pollutants on the environment of oilfield soils, the experimental simulation of soil cylinder was carried out in the laboratory considering the characteristics of oil and soil in Daqing area. The maximum transferring depth of petroleum pollutants is about 25 30 cm in six years in the process of experimental simulation, and more than 90 percent pollutants distributed in the soil of above 10 cm deep. In addition, the relative transferring ability of petroleum pollutants in the typical black calcium soll of Daqing area is in inverse proportion to the molecular weight of normal alkanes and the cycle number of aromatic hydrocarbons. As a result, the research shows that the typical soil of Daqing area has high capacity of absorbing and holding petroleum pollutants. Most petroleum pollutants are kept in topsoil. Therefore, the emphases of the prevention and cure for petroleum pollutants should be topsoil in Daqing area.