跨界的城市增长——以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例

Urban Growth Between Cities:The Case of Jiangyin Economic Development Zone in Jingjiang

近年来,长江三角洲的一些城市出现了资源耗竭或紧缺的问题,由此引发了城市间合作共建工业区和开发区的新现象。因为在此类工业园区中也往往伴随着行政管理权力在合作城市之间的转移,所以这种城市合作的创新可以被视作跨界的城市增长。本研究在增长联盟的理论视角下对江阴经济开发区靖江园区的跨界城市增长进行了研究,深入探讨了各级地方政府、企业、地方媒体和农民四种参与者在联盟形成中的作用和互动。研究在理论上证实了城市尺度以上增长联盟的存在,丰富了增长联盟理论。在对中国城市政治的研究上,研究发现地方政府和企业结成的增长联盟已经在中国城市中出现。同时,农民结成的反增长联盟也在不断壮大,这主要是由于土地征用、缺乏就业机会和不合理的拆迁安置造成的。江阴—靖江的经验与问题也将为其他城市的跨界发展提供借鉴。

In recent years, some cities or towns in the Yangtze River Delta region have used up their own resources. Thus joint industrial development zones have emerged between cities or towns. Cross-border urban growth is characterized by the transfer of local administrative power of a development zone from one city＇s government to another. It is an innovation of intercity cooperation in response to the increasing urban competition in the world. From governance perspective, cross-border urban growth involves a number of actors and intense interaction between them. This paper takes Jiangyin Economic Development Zone in Jingjiang （JZJ） as a case study. The basic concept of urban growth coalition theory is applied in this case study. Four categories of actors （local governments at various levels, business sectors, local media and rural communities） are identified and their interactions in the coalition building are analyzed in detail in this study. Theoretically, this paper argues that coalition among city governments is rising in Chinese cities, enriching studies of growth coalition. It is also found that a state-big business coalition dominates Chinese urban growth in the context of industrial zone construction. Apart from the growth coalition, this research reveals the emergence of anti-coalition, which is formed by peasants. Land expropriation, unreasonable displacement and few job opportunities are major causes of anti-coalition. The case of cross-border urban growth will provide insights for other cross-border development.