阿特拉津生态毒性与生物降解的研究

Eco-toxicity and biodegradation of atrazine in the environment

阿特拉津在世界范围内已经使用了40多年,目前仍然是应用广泛的化学除草剂之一.在许多国家及地区的地表水、地下水和土壤中都检测出了阿特拉津及其降解产生的中间产物.阿特拉津在土壤和水体中的持留期较长并具有生物蓄积性,不但对粮食和食品安全构成了潜在威胁,而且会扰乱和破坏生物活性,对生态环境的影响具有全球性.因此,深入研究阿特拉津的生态风险问题及其污染水体和土壤的生物修复,已成为目前研究的热点.从阿特拉津生态毒性、阿特拉津降解微生物及降解途径方面,对降解阿特拉津的酶学、遗传学和生物工程研究概况作简要介绍,为更好的利用生物技术修复阿特拉津的污染提供理论依据.

The herbicide atrazine is one of the most important herbicides and its parental and derivative residues were found in soil, many surface and underground waters in the world. Atrazine which is very persistent in the environment is able to exist in soil, surface and underground waters. In addition, it also has potential threat to the normal product of organisms. The effects of atrazine on human and ecosystem have become a focal point of intense discussion. Bioremediation technology of contaminated soil and water is a new field receiving increasing attention recently. In this paper, coo-toxicity, biodegradation of atrazine, progress on microbial degradation pathways, organization of enzymes and genetic operation on degradation and transforming were reviewed. These information is crucial to enhance the use of genetic and protein engineering in biodegrading atrazine.