美国转基因食品管制制度研究

Studies on American Regulatory System for GM Food

美国是世界上转基因食品的生产和出口大国,其管制转基因食品的法律制度独树一帜,有别于大多数国家的制度。在管制理念上,美国主张“可靠科学原则”,强调管制必须以科学证据为基础。在管制方法上,美国反对对转基因食品采取不同于常规食品的特殊管制方法,而是同样适用“自律”管制,要求食品开发商自行确保食品安全。美国也不认同消费者的”知情权”,因而不要求在转基因食品上张贴强制性标签。美国的经验不合适我国国情,但其完善、和谐的管制理论体系却值得我国借鉴。

The United States produces and exports most genetically modified food in the world and have a unique legal system regulating^GM food that is quite different from most other countries. The US government supports regu- latory idea of the ＂sound science principle＂ which emphasizes that the regulation must be based upon scientific evidence. It opposes to adopt special methods to regulate GM food and maintain a universally applicable self-regulation system in ordinary food laws that require manufacturers to ensure the food safety. Denying consumers＇ ＂right to know＂, the US government does not request labeling of GM food. The American experience in regulating GM food does not fit China, but its comprehensive and coordinated regulatory system could still be a good reference for China.