青少年高血压的临床特点与运动干预作用

Clinical characteristics of the adolescent patients with essential hypertension and motor intervention

目的 探讨青少年原发高血压（EH）的发病影响因素及其临床特点，并分析运动干预的效果。方法 选择55例14-25岁轻中度EH患者，46例性别和年龄相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照。比较两组对象的个人史及家族史、体重指数（BMI）、眼底变化、24h动态血压变化（ABPM）的节律，给予EH组12周有氧运动干预，干预前后行ABPM监测及心脏多谱勒超声心动图检查。结果 EH组有家族史、脑力劳动者、性格暴躁者、肥胖者、眼底1级变化者、白细胞计数、24h和白昼及夜间平均收缩压与舒张压、心室肌重指数（LVMI）与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；EH组运动后24h和白昼及夜间平均收缩压、左心室舒张期末内径（LVDd）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左心室后壁厚度（刚T）变化有显著性差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论 青少年EH受遗传的影响，左心室重构的发生率高；有氧运动有益于降压，提高生活质量。

Objective To investigate the correlation among episode, clinical characteristics of the adolescent patients with essential hypertension（EH） and to analyze the effect of motor intervention. Methods 55 adolescent patients with mild or moderate EH, aged 14-25 years were selectedl, and 46 sex and age matched normotension as controls. Compared their personal history and family history, body mass index （ BMI ）, eyeground change and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring（ABPM）. Underwent 12 weeks aerobic exercise intervention, ABPM and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography were applied. Results There were significant differences between Eli group and control group in positive family history, mental labor, irascible persons, obesity,eyeground change,the quantity of leukocyte, 24 hours average blood pressure （24hBP）, diurnal blood pressure（dBP）,night blood pressure （nBP） and LVMI（ P 〈 0.01or P 〈 0.05）. 24 hBP , diurnal systolic blood pressure（ dSBP ）, night systolic blood pressure（ nSBP ） and LVDd, IVST, PWT were significantly lower after motor intervention （ P 〈 0.0 lor P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Heredity may be one of the influence factors of adolescent patients with Eli. Obesity, irascibility, the quantity of leukocyte are the risk marker of Eli. Eyeground change, left ventricle reconstitution could be related with Eli. Aerobic exercise is an efficient intervention treatment for Eli in adolescent.