空气锤在石油钻井中的应用前景

APPLICATION PROSPECT OF DTH HAMMER IN WELL DRILLING

针对目前深部、复杂地层钻速低和易产生井斜、大直径井眼和水平井施加钻压困难、钻井成本高等问题进行了大量的调研。通过相关文献提供的数据和图表资料分析得出:空气锤结合了冲击回转钻井和空气钻井的两大钻井优势,转速低,扭矩小,钻压小,降低了钻具循环应力和磨损,控制井斜容易,在很大程度上提高了机械钻速、降低了钻井时间和成本,钻硬地层时优点更为突出,由此提出了研究空气锤的必要性,并全面总结了空气锤钻井的优越性,同时也指出了它应用的局限性。最后分析了我国油气资源现状、钻井状况和空气锤在国内外的应用实例,得出空气锤在低压低渗层欠平衡钻井、欠平衡钻水平井、深井、超深井、复杂地层、大直径井中开发油气资源有着广泛地应用前景。

Numerous investigations have been conducted aiming at the problems of the low penetration rate and easy deviation during drilling in deep and complicated formations, the high bit pressure during drilling large-diameter holes or horizontal wells, and the high drilling costs, etc. With analysis of data and charts offered by relative documentations, it is found that DTH hammer has the advantages of both percussion rotary drilling and air drilling, which characterize low RPM, small torque, low bit pressure, reducing the cyclic stresses and wear of the drilling tools, easily controlling deviation, improving penetration rate and decreasing drilling cost and time in a large scale. The advantages appear more obviously while drilling hard formations. Therefore, it is proved to be necessary to study DTH hammer. It is summed thoroughly the advantages of drilling with DTH hammer; and meanwhile it is described the limitation of drilling with DTH hammer. Finally, with analysis of the current status of oil/gas resource and well drilling in China, and the real cases to apply the DTH hammer at home and abroad, it is concluded that the DTH hammer has bright application prospect for development of oil/gas resource to drill horizontal wells, deep wells, ultra-deep wells, complicated formations and large-diameter holes with low pressure and permeability and in the state of being under balance.