西藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设

A Research on the Protection and Construction of the State Ecological Safe Shelter Zone on the Tibet Plateau

西藏高原是青藏高原的主体,平均海拔>4000m,是全球独特的生态地域单元,拥有许多特殊和特有的生态系统类型,其生态过程对保障我国乃至东亚生态安全具有独特的屏障作用,表现在对我国东部气候与环境的影响,对众多亚洲著名河流的水源涵养与水文调节作用,减少高原沙尘对周边地区的影响以及为高原特有生物多样性提供栖息地。受全球变化和人类活动的影响,西藏生态环境问题日趋凸显,生态安全屏障功能受到威胁。在上述分析基础上,提出构建西藏高原国家生态安全屏障的思路和由保护、建设和支撑保障三大体系组成的屏障体系构架。通过西藏生态经济分区,揭示区域生态经济系统结构与功能的地域差异。在此基础上,提出西藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设的总体布局。

The Tibet Plateau with an elevation of more than 4 000 m, as a main body of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a unique ecological regional unit in the globe, has a lot of the special and peculiar ecosystem types, and their ecological processes have a unique shelter zone function to safeguard ecological safe for China and East Asian. The unique Shelter zone function are as follows： to effect climate and environment of the East in China, conserve water and regulate the flow of water for the many international rivers, reduce influence of sand-dust for the East in China and the north region in the Pacific Ocean, and provide habitat environment for the peculiarbiodiversities of the Plateau. Recently, ecological and environment problems in Tibet are becoming serious day by day, and ecological safe shelter zone function on the Tibet Plateau have been imperiled. Based on above analysis, conception to construct the state ecological safe shelter zone on the Tibet Plateau and the frame of its shelter zone system which consists of the protection, construction and safeguard ones were raised. Regional differences of the structures and functions of the eco-economic system were revealed by eco-economic division in Tibet area. Based on this, distribution of the protection and construction for the state ecological safe shelter zone on the Tibet Plateau was made.