广西喀斯特山区土地石漠化与扶贫开发探析

Rocky Land Degradation and Poverty Alleviation Strategy in Guangxi Karst Mountainous Area

石漠化是喀斯特脆弱生态环境和不合理人类活动的共同产物。石漠化地区人口-资源-环境的矛盾非常突出,生态恶化与贫困化的双重压力严重制约区域可持续发展。广西石漠化面积达2.93×104hm2,占石山面积的30%,且以每年1.03%的速度发展,这已经成为影响当地社会经济、资源与环境协调持续发展的关键因素。在分析广西喀斯特山区石漠化及其环境影响效应基础上,对土地石漠化的时空特征、区域环境进行了阐述,认为自然生态环境脆弱、人口素质低和外部基础条件差是广西石漠化治理的难点所在。结合广西喀斯特山区的自然、社会、经济发展实际情况,以适生适种、生态补偿、综合开发为准则,因地制宜地制定广西喀斯特山区石漠化治理与扶贫开发的模式及策略。

Rocky land degradationis caused by both fragile ecological environment and in-proper human activitiesin Karst mountainous region. In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, where rocky land degradation area is reaching 2.93 million hm^2 in 2000, and is still increasing by the rate of 1. 03% every year, rocky land degradation is already becoming one of the most serious disaster factors to affect on the harmonious development of social economy, natural resources and eco-environment. Based on the analyses of the impacts of rocky land degradationon environment in Guangxi Karst Mountainous Area, this paper reveals the spatio-temporal characteristics of rocky land degradation in different stages from 1985 to 2000, and describes the difficulties and regional environment of resolving the developing problems of rocky land degradation in details. It is pointed out that natural environment deterioration; low education level and poor external base-establishment are the difficulties to cope with rocky land degradation. However, the conflict between man and land, incompletely ecological redeeming-system and immature substitute industry are the sticking point to the improvement of rocky degradation. Following the principles of proper tree seeds to suitable local terra, zoology compensation and harmony ecological improvement and economic development, an optimized improving models and strategies for harnessing rocky land degradation for poverty alleviation and rural development is put forward from the practical current of nature, social and economy in Guangxi Karst Mountainous Region.