我国主要江河流域土壤侵蚀量测算

Calculation on soil erosion amount of main river basin in China

为了对我国土壤侵蚀进行评估,需要测算多年平均侵蚀量。在前人研究的基础上,收集主要江河泥沙测验资料和水土保持研究资料,采用河流泥沙输移比法和水土保持法,测算出我国黄河、长江等9大江河流域多年平均侵蚀量为53.10亿t,并与相关资料进行对比;讨论流域分区的泥沙输移比差异。结果表明:侵蚀总量以长江流域最大,黄河流域次之,淮河、珠江、辽河、松花江流域依次居后,闽江和钱塘江流域最少。

In order to evaluate soil erosion condition in China, the soil erosion amount should to be calculated. Based on the existing research, the sediment investigation and soil erosion controlling data are collected. With methods of sediment delivery ratio（SDR） and soil conservation, the annual average soil erosion amount of Yellow river basin and Yangtze river basin etc. 9 large rivers basins are calculated, which is 5.31 billion tons. The results are compared with relative researches, and differences of sediment delivery ratio among basin regionalization are discussed. Which shows that the gross amount of soil erosion of Yangtze river basin is the largest, Yellow river basin are less than Yangtze river basin, then the turn is Huaihe river basin, Pearl river basin, Liaohe river basin, Songhuajiang river basin, the Minjiang river basin and the Qiantang river basin are the least.