妇女产褥期患病与饮食行为的关系

Study on maternal morbidity during the puerperium and its relation to dietary and behavior practice

目的:探讨妇女在产褥期的患病现状及其与饮食、行为的关系。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取湖北省城、郊、乡共2 100名经历过产褥期的妇女作为研究对象,逐一入户问卷调查。结果:有59.34%的妇女在产褥期有一种以上的病症发生。各种疾病或症状的发生率依次为:腰腿痛35.29%、肛肠疾病25.72%、乳腺疾病19.64%、贫血10.03%、口腔疾病9.28%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,妇女产褥期患病与其饮食行为有关,如粮谷、叶菜类摄入量高、经常变换食谱者肛肠疾病发生率低;肉类摄入量多是乳腺疾病的危险因素;食糖摄入量多是口腔疾病的危险因素;过多做家务是肛肠疾病、子宫复旧不良的危险因素等。结论:妇女在产褥期出现的健康问题较多,值得关注,建议将营养卫生宣教纳入产后保健工作中,以纠正错误的传统饮食、行为、习惯,对于保护母婴健康有着非常重要的意义。

Objective： Explore the levels of maternal morbidity during the puerperium in Hubei province and its relation to diet and behavior practice. Methods： 2 100 women who had at least one child under 2 years of age were selected as the subjects by cluster - stratified sampling in the rural area, suburb and city of Hubei province and surveyed through questionnaires. Results： 59. 34% of the women reported at least one symptom during the puerperium. The reported postpartum problems included backaches, arthralgia or leg clonus （35.29%）, breast problems （ 19. 64% ）, anal intestines diseases （25.72%）, anaemia （ 10. 03% ）, oral cavity disease （9.28%）, etc. The logistic regression analysis showed that the significant factors related to the reported morbidity in puerperium were doing housework, sleeping time, brushing teeth, the intake of some kinds of foods （ including leafy vegetables, cereals, meat, eggs and sugar） , delivery ways, breast feeding, etc. Conclusion： Health problems in the postpartum period are extremely common, some factors such as traditional diet and behavior practice during the puerperium are associated with the maternal morbidity in the puerperium. All these results provide useful information to health planners for designing suitable strategies to improve the health state of women.