中国麻疹实验室网络的建立及运转

Establishment and Running Status of Measles Laboratory Network in China

目的评价中国麻疹实验室网络建立的意义和建立初期运转情况。方法对2002～2004年中国麻疹实验室网络建立初期的各项运转指标进行评价。结果2001年，中国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室正式成立，并且在31个省（自治区、直辖市，下同）CDC建立了麻疹实验室，逐步建立了市（地区、州、盟，下同）级麻疹实验室，现已初步形成了一个包括国家麻疹实验室、31个省级CDC麻疹实验室、331个市级CDC麻疹实验室在内的麻疹实验室快速反应诊断系统。目前，已建立麻疹／风疹实验室的诊断标准，并为省、市级CDC麻疹／风疹实验室在监测方面提供培训和技术支持，组织对31个省级CDC麻疹实验室进行职能考核和血清复核等质量控制工作。31个省级CDC麻疹实验室和多数市级CDC麻疹实验室可开展常规的麻疹血清学检测。在血清学监测的基础上，省级CDC麻疹实验室开展了麻疹病毒学监测工作，1993～2004年通过省级CDC麻疹实验室网络的共同努力，在27个省共分离到366株麻疹病毒。结论中国三级麻疹实验室网络已经成功建立并运转良好，为疑似麻疹病例的实验室诊断和鉴别诊断提供了重要的技术支撑，为流行病学专家及时采取强化免疫措施，阻断麻疹病毒的传播，提供了重要的科学依据；建立了中国的麻疹病毒毒株库和基因数据库，为了解中国麻疹野病毒流行的基因型、病毒来源、基因变异情况和传播途径打下了基础；在评估人群对麻疹免疫力、疫苗免疫效果中起到了不可忽视的作用。

Objective To evaluate the significance of foundation of measles laboratory network in China and running status in the early stage of foundation. Methods Interpret all the running indicators of the measles laboratory network in China. Results National measles laboratory was founded in 2001, and then 31 provincial measles laboratories and 331 prefectural measles laboratories were founded later with the help of National Measles Laboratory Institute for Viral Disease and Prevention, China CDC. And all these laboratories formed the rapidly diagnosis system laboratories. By now the laboratory diagnosis standard has been developed, national laboratory is responsible for providing training and technique support to provincial and prefectural laboratories, and responsible for proficiency test and reconfirmation of theserum samples. All 31 provincial laboratories and half of the prefectural laboratories can perform routine measles serological testing viral surveillance successfully. Total 366 measles viral strains conlected from 27 of 31 provinces through measles laboratory network from 1993 to 2004. Conclusion The Measles Laboratory network is running well now, and has played a very important role in measles control and elimination.