上海市1999～2004年麻疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on Measles Epidemiological Characteristics in Shanghai From 1999-2004

目的了解上海市1999～2004年麻疹流行病学特征。方法对1999～2004年麻疹发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果1999～2004年麻疹年平均发病率为2．69／10万，外来人口发病率高于本市人口，发病率呈现一年高一年低的趋势。病例集中在3～5月，多为无明确麻疹减毒活疫苗（MV）免疫史者，本市人口以未及MV初免月龄儿童和≥20岁成人病例为主，远郊区发病率高于近郊区和市区，外来人口麻疹病例集中在〈10岁儿童及外来务工人员。共报告麻疹爆发94起，涉及348例。本市人口爆发主要为成人，外来人口每年均有爆发，但爆发起数逐年下降，外来人口自办学校中麻疹爆发已基本得到控制。结论本市人口中成人发病增多，外来儿童中MV接种率低，存在免疫空白，是上海市消除麻疹亟需解决的问题。

Objective Analyzing measles epidemiological characteristics in Shanghai from 1999 - 2004 in order to prevent and control measles. Methods tern. Results The average morbidity of Shanghai Analyzing the data from measles surveillance syswas 2.69/100000 from 1999 - 2004. The measles incidence of floating population was higher than the native population. The season peak appeared from March to May. More cases had no history of definitely receiving measles vaccine. Cases under 8 months old children and ≥20 years adults not being vaccinated in native population were the main cases,and suburb incidence is higher than that of downtown. In migration population, the highest incidence was from 8 months to 9 years old age groups who had not been vaccinated. Among 94 outbreaks, most native population cases were adults. In floating population, the measles outbreaks occurred every year,and outbreaks had been reduced in 2004. Conclusion The actions will be taken urgently to reduce the measles morbidity in native adults. Efforts have carried out to eliminate the immunization vacuum and to increase the coverage for floating children.