基于公平性的水污染物总量分配评估方法研究

Study on Gini Coefficient Method of Total Pollutant Load Allocation for Water Bodies

借鉴评价收入公平性的指标———基尼系数的基本概念,构建流域间水污染物总量分配方案合理性的评估方法.以全国七大流域的水污染物总量分配过程为例,使用基尼系数法分析了人口、国内生产总值、水资源量、环境容量等指标对分配的影响,绘制各影响因素的洛伦茨曲线;根据洛伦茨曲线对分配方案的合理性进行评估;按照合理的基尼系数范围确定各流域排污量的削减方案.结果表明:基于水资源量的洛伦茨曲线正确反映了我国水污染形势严峻的流域,为污染物总量削减方案提供了依据.

According to the concept of Gini coefficient which is an index to estimate equity of the income, a specific method of Gini coefficient is established to evaluate the scenario of total pollutant load allocation among fiver basins. This method can be used to assess the rationality of total pollutant load allocation in fiver basins. Seven fiver basins of China is studied with this method, and correlative factors of the Gini coefficient for total pollutant load allocation are analyzed in detail, such as population, GDP, water resources, the ability of incorporate contamination and so on, and the rationality is evaluated by the Lorenz curves of correlative factors. The results indicated that the Lorenz curves of water resource can focus on the key areas of water pollution in the main fiver basins of China correctly and also provide the basis for gross water pollutant reduction.