流动儿童卫生保健服务利用状况分析

Analysis of the Situation of Health Care Services Utilization for Children in Migrant Population

目的了解流动儿童卫生保健服务利用现状,探讨提高流动儿童卫生保健服务利用率的对策。方法采用定量与定性研究方法,对北京、上海、广州、杭州4个城市3152名<6岁的流动儿童卫生保健服务利用情况进行调查分析。结果流动儿童建立儿童系统保健管理卡/册的比例为45.27%,一年半以来未做过儿童健康体检的比例为47.18%,95.21%的流动儿童建立了预防接种卡/册,流动儿童接受乙肝、卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎糖丸、白百破和麻疹等疫苗接种的比例分别为90.23%、88.95%、85.26%、80.98%和70.32%,流动儿童“四苗”与“五苗”覆盖率分别为67.61%与66.61%。结论流动儿童卫生保健服务利用率低,应采取包括改变流动人口的健康观念、向流动儿童提供费用低廉而效果佳的适宜卫生保健服务等服务措施,将流动儿童卫生保健纳入流入地儿童健康管理范围。

Objective To find out the situation of health care services utilization for migrant children in four cities so as to explore the strategy for improvement of migrant children＇s health care service utilization. Methods Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to investigate the current situation of 3152 migrant children aged 6 or under in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hangzhou. Results 45.27% of the migrant children have the health management card, the proportion of the children who had not been given any health examination within 1.5 years was 47.18%. 95.21% of the migrant children have immunization card, however, their eligible immunization rates of HBV, BCG, OPV, DPT and MV were 90.23%, 88.95% , 85. 26%, 80. 98% and 70. 32% respectively, the vaccine coverage rate of BCG, OPV, DPT and MV was 67.61% ; and the vaccine coverage rate of HBV, BCG, OPV, DPT and MV was 66.61%. Conclusion The utilization rate of health care services for migrant children in the four cities is low. The migrant＇s health sense should be changed, an economic, effective and feasible health care service should be given to migrant children, and the migrant children health care should be brought into the range of local children health management.