干旱区景观生态研究的方法与案例分析

Methodology and Case Analysis for Landscape Ecology Research in Arid Zone

干旱区景观生态学中的景观结构、功能、变化以及尺度、过程、管理等方面的研究,需要理论与方法的支撑。生态景观制图的类型划分、表达方式、数据采集、数据分析等过程,综合性地体现了景观生态的一般方法和途径,对于生态景观信息认知、信息识别、信息挖掘与信息分析具有重要提升作用。通过获取遥感信息源,应用图象图形学以及遥感图象模式识别与解译的原理和方法,进行特定尺度和精度条件下的景观分类,编制生态景观图;并通过相应的GIS软件,实现景观专题要素特征属性的量化统计,求算景观生态指数值;并以塔里木河干流及英巴扎典型区为例,应用NOAA/AVHRR以及CBERS-1/CCD等信息源,结合区域自然、社会和人文、历史等特征,系统分析其数量特征、变化规律以及相互关系,提出干旱区生态景观建设的原则与途径。

Researches on landscape structure, function, change as well as scale, course and management etc. in landscape ecology in arid zone need the support of the theory and method. The courses of type classification, expression way, data gathering and data analysis in ecology landscape mapping reflect comprehensively the general method and way of landscape ecology, which is very important for the promoting of information cognitive, information discerns, information excavates and information analysis of landscape ecology. Based on the information source of remote sensing, using the principle and method of figure and recognition and translation of remote sensing image pattern, landscape classifications under specific scale and precision condition were carried on and the ecological landscape maps were worked out. Using GIS software, the value of characteristic attribute of landscape thematic element and the value landscape ecological index were counted. Based on the information sources of NOAA/AVHRR and CBERS-1/ CCD,etc. , combined the characteristics of regional nature, society, humanity, history etc. , taking the mainstream of Tarim River and Yibazha area as the example, quantity characteristics, changing laws and interaction were analyzed systematically. At last, the authors put forward the principles and ways of landscape ecological construction in arid zone.