秦岭大熊猫家域的季节、性别和年龄效应

Effects of Season, Sex and Age on the Home Range of Giant Panda in Qinling Mountains

本文通过潘文石对22只秦岭大熊猫的家域观察资料为基础,获得生态年龄段和家域对数转换值等次生数据, 并以次生数据为基础,对不同生态年龄段和不同季节大熊猫的家域和个体季节性迁移面积的动态特征进行定性比较分析,通过季节、性别和年龄对秦岭大熊猫种群家域动态的影响机制进行了探讨,结果发现以下新细节: (1)虽然在同一季节,大熊猫家域面积随着年龄的增长逐渐增加,但雌性个体家域面积增加不大,雄性个体也仅在夏季家域面积增加极大,秋冬季增加也不大; (2)同一生态年龄段,秦岭大熊猫家域面积:全年>秋冬季>夏季; (3)只是成体雄性大熊猫家域面积极显著大于雌性,但亚成体和老年个体家域面积的性别间差异不显著; (4)1～11岁,大熊猫迁移面积小且稳定,大于11．5岁后,迁移面积明显跃迁增大,保持增大趋势,但波动强度由强变弱。这表明秦岭大熊猫家域的季节、性别和年龄效应动态规律性明显。

Secondary data series were calculated from materials collected in the survey of home ranges of 22 giant panda in Qinling mountains, in order to make the comparative analysis of the dynamic features of the giant panda at different ecological age stage and in different seasons and of different individuals by Test of homogeneity of variances and ANOVA, to investigate the dynamic mechanism of the effect of season, age and sex on the home range of the giant panda. Results indicated the following details： （1）in the same season, the area of home range of the giant panda increased with age, yet increase in females was not significant; those of male individuals increased significantly only in summer, but also not significant in autunm and winter; （2）in the same ecological age stage, the order of areas of the home range was： the whole year 〉 autumn and winter 〉 summer; （3）only the area of the home range of adult males was significantly larger than that of the females, while difference in sub-adults and old aged individuals of different sex was not significant; （4） the migratory area of giant panda of 1-11 years of age was small and stable, when older than 11.5 years, migratory area increased greatly, with a trend of continuous enlargement, but the variation intensity was gradually weakened. This indicated the dynamic regularity of the effect of season, sex and age on the home range area of the giant panda.