冬小麦增产技术中机械断根方式的研究

Mechanical root-cutting models for increasing the yield of winter wheat

冬小麦机械断根技术源于小麦高产的生产实践，是冬小麦精播高产栽培的重要配套技术，机械断根方式是影响小麦断根质量和断根效果的重要因素。根据小麦机械断根的农艺要求，设计了三种断根方式：锄铲断根、刀片断根、锄铲＋刀片组合断根，对三种断根方式的断根效果和增产效果进行了试验研究，为正确设计小麦断根机械提供了依据。试验结果表明：三种断根方式都有明显的断根效果和增产效果，断根率为25．8％～42．1％，与对照相比，小麦产量平均提高9．96％～11．41％。其中，锄铲＋刀片组合断根工作稳定、不翻土、不损伤麦苗，单株断根率为42．1％，平均断根深度10．2cm、变异系数小，对根系生长的促进作用最大，断根增产效果最显著，比对照提高11．41％。综合各项指标，小麦进行机械断根作业时的工作部件应选用锄铲＋刀片组合方式配置。

Technology for cutting wheat roots by mechanical method is from high-yield wheat cultivation practice, which is an important match technology for precision sowing and high production planting of winter wheat. Rootcutting method, models of hoe steels or cutting blades assembled, are the most important factors influencing rootcutting quality and yield-increasing effect. According to the requirements of agricultural planting measures, three root-cutting models were given as follows： model of hoe steels assembled, model of blades assembled, combined model of hoe steels ＆ blades assembled. Root-cutting quality and yield- increasing effect were experimented on three root-cutting models. The experimental results show that three root-cutting models can evidently cut wheat roots and increase wheat yield, and the root-cutting ratio is 25.8% -42.1%, in comparison with the wheat field without cutting roots, the yield of winter wheat increased by 9.96%- 11.41% on the average. Among the three root-cutting models, the combined model of hoe steels and blades assembled cut off the most roots from wheat with the root-cutting ratio of 42.1%, root-cutting depth 10.2 centimeters, which increased the roots to grow fastest after winter and the most yield was increased by 11.41%; with this model, root-cutting machine worked more stably, with no soil turning over and no harm to wheat plants after finishing root-cutting process. The combined model of hoe steels and blades assembled should be selected and applied firstly.