海冰水不同盐含量处理对棉花、小麦和玉米种子萌发影响

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY OF SEA-ICE WATER ON SEED GERMINATION OF COTTON,WHEAT AND MAIZE

实验采用盐的质量分数w（盐）分别为1,3,5,7,9 g·kg^-1的海冰水及纯水对照处理棉花（Goddypiumhirdutum L.）、小麦（Triticumaestivum L.）和玉米（Zeamays L.）3种作物种子,每发芽盒50粒,置自控培养箱内萌发7 d.定时观测记录种子发芽数、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长.结果表明：在海冰水盐分胁迫下,棉花、小麦、玉米种子的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数均随w（盐）增加呈下降趋势;在w（盐）=1～9 g·kg-1的处理范围内,3种作物的种子发芽率均高于50%.但3种种子根芽抑制指数差异显著,棉花在w（盐）=1～9 g·kg^-1范围内,根芽抑制指数变幅不大,承受能力最强,而对玉米,小麦来说,w（盐）=5 g·kg^-1处理是个界限,当w（盐）≥5 g·kg^-1时,小麦玉米的根、芽生长明显受到抑制.因此海冰水作为农业灌溉水源时,棉花可以作为该区域内首选的经济耐盐作物予以广泛种植,但应适当考虑加大播种量,同时严格控制海冰灌溉水的w（盐）.

The seed germination of cotton, wheat and maize under salt stress of sea-ice water is examined. Salinity of 1,3,5,7,9 g·kg^-1 are selected while pure water is also used as a comparison. The seeds are put in a self-controlled incubator and germinated for 7 days. Indices such as germination percentage, germinating potential, germination index, vigor index, sprout length and root length etc. are observed and recorded. The result shows that the germination percentage and germination index of the three crop types all decline as the salinity grows, but the germination percentages are still larger than 50% when the salinity is between 1 and 9 g·kg^-1 ; the seven indices of cotton are all larger than those of wheat and maize and the germination and growth of cotton can be maintained under the salinity of 5 g. kg 1 which indicates that the salt tolerance of cotton is comparatively high. Therefore it can be chosen as the economic salt-endurable crop to be widely grown in the region where sea-ice water is used for irrigation. However, the salinity of sea-ice water must be strictly controlled and the seeding amount should be properly increased.