旅客列车内预防艾滋病健康教育方式的探讨

Discussion on the Pattern of AIDS Health Education in the Passenger Train

目的了解铁路旅客列车乘客艾滋病相关知识状况,探讨适合旅客需求特点的列车预防艾滋病健康教育方式,为今后在铁路系统开展预防艾滋病健康教育提供参考。方法对乘坐硬座车厢旅客采取自身前后对照方式,干预前后分别进行问卷调查和定性访谈,对采用的艾滋病健康教育材料和方式效果进行评价。结果列车旅客的艾滋病知识的知晓率有明显提高,某些主要传播途径及关键性知识在干预前后知晓率差异有统计学意义,其中以对母婴传播和蚊虫叮咬是否会传播艾滋病的正确回答率增幅最高,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);旅客对列车艾滋病健康教育方式的评分,前四位依次为:艾滋病知识扑克牌(6.96分)、列车广播(6.77分)、宣传卡片(6.48分)和宣传手册(6.40分)。结论在列车上开展针对旅客的预防艾滋病健康教育,应考虑目标人群对宣传材料和健康教育方式的可接受性,结合铁路自身特点采取相应的预防艾滋病健康教育策略。

Objective To study the railway passenger＇s knowledge about AIDS and discuss the pattern of AIDS health education that adapt to their demands in order to offer some references to AIDS health education on railway system in the future. Methods Before-after study was applied in passengers of railway, and the questionnaire surveys and qualitatively interview were taken to analyze the effect of AIDS health education on them. Results The cognizant rate of passenger＇s relative AIDS knowledge have been increased, some main AIDS transmit approach and other key knowledge have statistics significance between baseline survey and final survey; for the patterns of AIDS health education, the passengers take active attitude to express their opinions, the former four factors according to grade is： playing card with AIDS knowledge （6.96 points）, train broadcast （6.77 points）, propagandistic card （6.48 points）, propagandistic handbook （6.40 points）. Conclusion AIDS health education in the passenger train should take into account the acceptability of objective population and integrate railway characteristic to adopt corresponding AIDS health education strategies.