孔子“有德无位”:一个儒学史上的伤感问题

A Sentimental Problem in the History of Confucianism:Confucius "of Virtues but without Power"

孔子“有德无位”是儒者二千多年以来的伤感,伤感系由孔子的“无位”引发,而以“德位合一”的政治理想追求为思想背景。孔子“有德无位”在带来伤感的同时,也为孔门带来了潜在的认同危机,这既关涉到儒学的发展,也关涉到儒者的个体生存,这是该问题在儒学史上被不断提起、解释的原因。“有德无位”问题不仅存在于古代,而且有其现代延续的一面,它是我们理解现代政治生活的一条重要线索。

The fact of Confucius having virtues but no power had been a sentimental problem to Confucian scholars in the past 2,000 years. The Sentimental feeling, caused by the fact of Confucius＇ without power, occurred in the faithful background in which Confucian scholars sought the ideal politics of ＂The Unity of Virtues and Power＂. The problem of Confucius having virtues but no power, as a profound question in Confucianism, is not only a theoretical problem concerned with the identity of Confucian scholars, but also a practical one concerned with Confucian scholars＇ existence, which are the reasons why the problem was once and again mentioned in the history of Confucianism. Meanwhile, the problem is also a modern one which is an important clue to the understanding of our modern political life.