融合整体论与还原论的构想

An Imagination for the Fusion of Holism and Reductionism

还原论是西方现代科学的主流指导思想,在简单性范式中取得了丰硕成果,但面对复杂性范式,却暴露出明显的局限性。中国古典自然哲学的主流是整体论,通过对“道”、“气”、“易”、“阴阳”、“五行”等基本概念的整合,形成了完备的体系。系统一般包括结构、信息和功能三个核心要素。还原论通过结构(或空间)分析途径,认识系统功能;整体论则运用信息(或时间)把握方式,了解系统功能。它们各为一偏,宜采用“整体制约前提下的局部实证”原则和“逆向对接”方法对两者进行融合,这个新构想可称之为节奏论。

Reductionism is the current consciousness in the field of Western modern sciences, and has achieved much in simplicity model, but some obvious limitations have been revealed when it faced complexity model. The current consciousness in Chinese classic natural philosophy is holism, a perfect setup completed by conforming several essential concepts, such as： Dao, Qi, Yi, Yinyang and Wuxing. A system is formed with three key elements： structure, information and function. Reductionism recognizes the function of system through analyses on structure （or space）, and holism understands the function of system by the way of information （or time） grasping. The both are partial, so it is better to mix them together within the principle of ＂local proving controlled by entirety force＂ and ＂combining according to contrary directions ＂method. The new conceiving may be named Rhythm Theory.