清末民初东三省移民与近代城镇的兴起

Migrants and the Rising of the Modern Towns in Northeast China During the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early of the Republic of China

清末民初,关内人口向东北的迁移,是中国历史上最大的人口移动之一,可谓“全部近代史上一件空前的大举”。1860年东北局部开禁,特别是1904年全面开禁后,随着大片土地的放垦,关内移民东北者络绎不绝,东北原有的城镇,规模迅速扩大,同时大批新的城镇纷纷兴起。这些城镇不是建立在军事驻防的基础上,而是在招民垦荒、移民实边与铁路、港口兴建的过程中,陆续发展起来的。此时,东北的城镇才真正具备了近代意义上的性质与规模。

It was one of the longest-scale shifts of population from inside Shanhaiguan Pass to Northeast China in Chinese history at the late Qing Dynasty and the early of the Republic of China. It may be said ＂an unprecedented event in all modern histories＂. After lifting the ban on Northeast China partly in 1860, especially in 1904 completely, along with a lot of land being opened up, migrants from inside Shanhaiguan Pass to Northeast China formed a continuous stream. Original towns of Northeast China quickly extended their scale, the new towns of large quantity rose in succession at the same time. These towns were not be established in the process of the foundation that mihtary garrison ascended, but in process of recruiting people pioneer, migrating and railroad, ports being built, developed something to get up continuously. At this time, the town of Northeast China realy had the property and the scale of the modern meaning.