珍秦斋藏秦铜器铭文选释

Interpretations of Selected Inscriptions on Qin Bronzes in the Zhen Qin Zhai Collection

澳门萧春源珍秦斋藏秦有铭青铜器有簋、鼎、盘、盉、(?)、壶、权及多件兵器。其铭文涉及秦的政治、军事、历史、文化,极为重要。本文选取其中10件铜器铭文进行考释,认为:十四年口平匽氏戟作于秦惠文王后元十四年(前311年),器主即四川青川县出土木牍所见的“内史匽”,时任上郡守;二十一年相邦冉戈作于昭襄王二十一年(前286年);三十年诏事戈时代有昭襄王三十年(前277年)及始皇三十年(前217年)两种可能性,而以前者的可能性为大;三十二年相邦冉戈作于昭襄王三十二年(前275年),该戈内上套一件鸟柲冒(帽),应是赵惠文王二十三年(前276年)赵国器物,秦人缴获后继续使用,西安市文物保护考古研究所藏同铭乌柲冒原称鸠杖首,不确;元年上郡假守暨戈作于庄襄王元年(前249年),暨即与白起同时之秦名将王龁;口年相邦吕不韦戈作于秦王政元年至六年间;三件“少府”弋铭文, 则讨论秦宫庭机构少府的职能;咸阳壶铭文讨论了秦的度量衡制度、器物命名及编号习惯。

Among the valuable inscribed bronzes in the Zhen Qin Zhai Collection of the Macao collector Xiao Chunyuan are gui, ding, pan, he, lei, hu, quan and many weapons. The inscriptions on these are important because they shed light on Qin politics, military affairs, history and culture. This article discusses ten inscriptions, from which the authors derive the following conclusions: (1) The Shisinian X Ping Yan Shi ge (dagger-axe) was made in 311 BCE and its owner was the Neishi Yan, who served as a prefectural magistrate and is mentioned in wooden slips unearthed in Qingchuan county, Sichuan; (2) The Ershiyinian Xiangbang Ran ge (dagger-axe) was made in 286 BCE; (3) The Sanshinian Zhaoshige (dagger-axe) was made either in 277 or 217 BCE, although the former possibility is greater; (4) The Sanshi'ernian Xiangbang Ran ge (dagger-axe) was made in 275 BCE and the view that the bird decorating the na of that battle-axe, which has the same inscription as a staff (jiuzhang) finial in the collection of the Xi' an Municipal Cultural Relics Conservation and Archaeology Institute, was an object made in 276 BCE in the state of Zhao and later used by Qin after it was confiscated, is erroneous. (5) The Yuannian Shangjun Jia Shou Ji ge (dagger-axe) was made in 249 BCE and the 'Ji' mentioned in the inscription was the renowned Qin general Wang Qi, who was a contemporary of Bai Qi; (6) The X Nian Xiangbang Lu Buweige (dagger-axe) was made between the 1st and 6th years of the reign of King Zheng of Qin; (7) The inscriptions on three 'Shaofu' ge (dagger-axes) discuss the functions of the Shaofu in the Qin imperial palace; (8) The inscription on the Xianyang hu (pot) discusses the Qin system of weights and measures, the names of implements and serial numbering practices.