南岭广东松林植物区系及生态特征研究

Floristic Composition and Ecological Characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis Forest in Nanling

对南岭石坑尾广东松Pinus kwangtungensis林7 200 m2的样地进行了调查,分析了广东松林的植物区系组成及其生态特征.结果显示,广东松林内含有维管束植物76科138属227种,以乔木为主要成分,其中双子叶植物占大多数.从植物属的地理分布来看,南岭广东松林种子植物可以划分为12个分布区类型和7个变型,包括世界分布、热带分布和温带及温带为主的分布3大类,其中以热带分布为主,兼有温带性质.广东松在主林层中占有明显优势,而在演替层中与大果马蹄荷Exbucklandia tonkinensis、长叶木姜Litsea elongata等耐阴阔叶树种相比较矮.聚类分析结果表明,针叶树种广东松的外貌及其在分层频度中的分布与阔叶树种有明显差异,而阔叶树种青冈Cy-clobalanopsis glauca和长叶木姜非常类似,二者的高度、胸径、枝下高以及分层频度的株数等指标均无显著差异.

This paper analyzed the floristic composition of Pinus kwangtungensis forest and its ecological characteristics by investigating the sample plots of 7 200 m^2 P. kwangtungensis forest in Nanling. The resuit shows that there are 76 families, 138 genera and 227 species of vascular plants in which the arbors are the main components and the dicotyledon takes up the majority. As far as the distribution of plant genera is concerned, the seed plants of P. kwangtungensis forest in Nanling can be divided into 12 distribution areal types and 7 subtypes, which are the world distribution, the tropical distribution, temperate region distribution and the temperate region dominated distribution. Among these three distribution areas, the tropical distribution is the biggest one and it also has temperate region features. P. kwangtungensis is dominant in the canopy layer, but the tree height is obviously lower than that of other trees in subcanopy layer. The clustering analysis result shows that the physiognomy and distribution in the stratified frequency of the coniferous tree species-P, kwangtungensis is obviously distinguished from the broadleaf tree species. But there are no significant distinction between the two broadleaf tree species, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Lit, sea elongata. The height, the diameter at breast height, the bole height under the first branch and the tree number of stratified frequency index of the two species have no significant differences.