洛南盆地旧石器早期遗址聚落形态解析

A Study of the Settlement Pattern of Early Paleolithic Sites in the Luonan Basin

根据对洛南盆地花石浪龙牙洞遗址和268处旷野类型地点两种不同旧石器类型遗址分布规律的研究,可以认为龙牙洞遗址是一处内涵丰富的早期人类居住类型遗址,旷野类型地点则是早期人类获取动植物资源的场所,它们与中心居住营地一起构成区域性的人类文化聚落系统。

Since 1995, 268 Paleolithic open-air sites were identified in the Luonan Basin of the eastern Qinling Mountains, and more than 13,000 lithic artifacts were collected from archaeological surveys. Most significantly, a cave site, Longyadong, was discovered and excavated during 1995- 1997, which yielded more than 20 species of faunal remains and over 77,000 lithic artifacts, as well as other vestiges of hominid activities, such as traces of fire using and those of living floors. The present paper studies the spatial distribution of these archaeological sites in the basin. The differences between the open-air sites and the cave site are analyzed in terms of the raw material and making technology of their stone tools. The results suggest that the Longyadong cave may have been one of the central sites of occupation early hominids visited repeatedly over a long period of time, while the open-air sites were loci of their temporary activities. The site distribution sheds new light on the land-using pattern during the middle Pleistocene. The differences between the cave and the open-air sites in stone-working technology show that the two kinds of sites were diverse in their function, which involved various hominid behaviors with a range of stone tools.