脲醛树脂与纳米二氧化硅复合改善木材性能的研究

Improvement of wood properties by urea-formaldehyde resin and nano-SiO_2

为提高三倍体毛白杨木材的多项性能,该研究以脲醛(UF)树脂和纳米SiO2为主要改性剂,并使用偶联剂和阻燃剂,制成5种木材处理剂,利用减压—加压的方法浸渍处理杨木,并通过加热使处理剂在木材中固化,制成UF--SiO2--Wood复合材料.以尺寸稳定性、阻燃性、抗吸水性和硬度作为主要指标对复合材料的性能进行评价,考察了处理剂对杨木性能的影响.结果表明,此5种处理剂均能提高木材的抗吸水性、阻燃性,并显著提高了木材的硬度,纳米SiO2的添加对木材硬度的提高有显著作用;除UF--C--SiO2共缩聚物外,其他4种处理剂均不同程度地提高了木材的尺寸稳定性.UF与纳米SiO2复合处理杨木可以提高杨木的综合性能.

In order to improve properties of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa, urea-formaldehyde （UF） resin was compounded with nano-SiO2, coupling agents and flame retardants in different ways to prepare five kinds of modifiers. The poplar wood samples were impregnated with the modifiers and heated to prepare UF-SiO2-wood composites. The antiswelling efficiency, oxygen index, and hardness of the composites were measured. Results showed that all of the modifiers reduced water absorption of poplar wood and enhanced its flame resistance and hardness. Nano-SiO2 showed a marked effect in improving the hardness of wood. In addition, all of the modifiers except UF-C-SiO2-polymer could improve the dimensional stability of poplar wood. The compound of UF resin and nano-SiO2 could improve general properties of poplar wood.