气体信号分子H_2S与中枢神经系统的关系研究进展

The researching advancement of relation between gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide and central nervous system

here has been increased interest in endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide（H2S） as a physiologically important molecule.It is believed that H2S is the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter,besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide.Relatively high endogenous levels of H2S have been measured in the brains of rats,humans,and bovine,suggesting that H2S may have a physiological function.Endogenous H2S can be formed from L-cysteine by pyridoxal-5-phosphate-dependent enzymes,including cystathionine-synthase（CBS）.Physiological concentrations of H2S specifically potentiate the activity of NMDA receptor and alter the induction of long-term potentiation（LTP） in the hippocampus.cAMP mediated pathways may be involved in the modulation of NMDA receptor by H2S.H2S can also regulate the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.H2S also appears to have an effect on the cardiovascular system,acting as a vasorelaxant by increasing potassium-ATP channel currents.H2S can hyperpolarize cell membranes,relax smooth muscle cells,or decrease neuronal excitability.It may shed light on the pathogenesis of many diseases related to the abnormal metabolism of H2S.H2S also inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and protects neurons against oxidative stress.

There has been increased interest in endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide （H2S） as a physiologically important molecule. It is believed that H2S is the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Relatively high endogenous levels of H2S have been measured in the brains of rats, humans, and bovine, suggesting that H2S may have a physiological function. Endogenous H2S can be formed from L-cysteine by pyridoxal-5-phosphate-dependent enzymes, including cystathionine -synthase （CBS）. Physiological concentrations of H2S specifically potentiate the activity of NMDA receptor and alter the induction of long-term potentiation （LTP） in the hippocampus, cAMP mediated pathways may be involved in the modulation of NMDA receptor by H2S. H2S can also regulate the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. H2S also appears to have an effect on the cardiovascular system, acting as a vasorelaxant by increasing potassium-ATP channel currents. H2S can hyperpolarize cell membranes, relax smooth muscle cells, or decrease neuronal excitability. It may shed light on the pathogenesis of many diseases related to the abnormal metabolism of H2S. H2S also inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and protects neurons against oxidative stress.