社会民主主义与自由主义

Social Democracy and Liberalism

作为西欧主要政党的政治意识形态,社会民主主义与自由主义有其对立的一面,也有相互影响、相互渗透的另一面。这在英国工党和自由党,德国社会民主党和联盟党的政治实践中已得到证实。社会民主主义政党和自由主义、保守主义政党之间达成的共识是西欧发达资本主义国家的社会主义运动在特定历史条件下与资本主义制度之间达成的妥协,其思想基础是社会民主主义和新自由主义的趋同,而导致这一妥协也有相应的客观条件。但是社会党存在一个“身份特征”问题,自由主义和保守主义政党方面也有其两难困境,作出已经产生新自由主义共识或社会民主党已经“新自由主义化”之类的论断还为时过早。

As two important political ideologies that affect some political parties in Western European countries, Social Democracy and Liberalism are against each other from one point, and from the other point, interact on and infiltrate into each other. This character was reflected in the political practices of parties in UK (between Labour Party and Liberal Party) and in Germany (between SPD and CDU/SDU). The co-cognition between social democratic parties and liberal or conservative parties was a result of compromises between socialist movement and capitalist institutions under specific conditions, which based on the common developing tendency between Social Democracy and New-liberalism. With the problems of identity in social democratic parties and the dilemma faced by liberal and conservative parties, it is too early to say that there is now a new co-cognition based on Neo-Liberalism or that the social democratic parties have already Neo-liberalized.