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比较诗学与文学发生论

COMPARATIVE POETICS AND GENETIC THEORIES OF LITERATURE
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摘要 比较诗学与文学发生论的关系可以从世界文学发展的总的逻辑进程来加以考察。比较诗学的发生理论主要包含诗歌、宇宙、听众和诗人四个基本要素。在比较诗学发生和发展的过程中,主要产生过模仿主义理论、实用主义理论、表现主义理论和客观主义理论四大基本理论。以往的研究,大都是从文学的发生出发来探讨诗学的发生。论者认为,比较诗学与文学发生论的关系亦可以从诗学的立场而予以反向的审视。从比较诗学产生发展的角度,考察一般的文学发生论,可以拓宽和加深我们对文学发生论的认识。 The relation between comparative poetics and genetic theories of literature may be examined from the angle of the general logic progress in which the world literature develops. In the genetic theories of comparative poetics there are mainly four basic elements namely the poetry, universe, audience and poet. In the process in which comparative poetics originates and develops four basic theories have emerged, namely mimetic, pragmatic, expres- sive and objective theories. Bygone researches of poetic genesis are made largely from literary genesis. In my opinion, the relation between comparative poetics and genetic theories of literature may likewise be examined reversely from the stance of poetics. Genesis and development of comparative poetics may be used as an angle to examine the general theories of literary genesis, and such an examination may expand and deepen our knowledge about genetic theories of literature.
作者 张思齐
机构地区 武汉大学中文系
出处 《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 2006年第2期20-25,共6页 Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences
关键词 比较文学 比较诗学 发生理论 comparative literature comparative poetics genetic theories
分类号 I207 [文学—中国文学]
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  • 1[1]But now let us see how the Greek named it,and how they deemed of it.The Greeks called him a "poet," which name hath,as the most excellent,gone through other languages.It cometh of this word poein,which is,to make:wherein,I know not whether by luck or wisdom,we Englishmen have met with the Greeks in calling him a maker:which name,how high and incomparable a title it is,I hade rather were known by making the scope of other sciences than by any partial allegation.M.H.Abrams and others ed.The Norton Anthology of English Literature,fifth edition,2 vols.(New York:W.W.Norton& Company,1986) vol.1,p.506.
  • 2[3]Mimetic artists portray people in action.-Thomas E.Wartenberg,ed.The Nature of Art,An Anthology (Belmont,California:Wadsworth Inc,a division of Thomson Learning Inc.,2001) 17.
  • 3[4]Imitation,then being natural to us-as also the sense of harmony and rhythm,the meters being obviously species of rhythm-it was through their original aptitude,and by a series of improvements for the most part gradual on their first efforts,that they created poetry out of their improvisations.--Dabney Townsend,ed.Aesthetics,Classic Readingsfrom Western Tradition,second edition (Belmont,California:Wadsworth Inc,a division of Thomson Learning Inc.,2001) 28.
  • 4[5]The poet's function is not to describe,not the thing that has happened,but a kind of thing that might happen,i.e.what is possible as being probable or necessary.The distinction between historian and poet is not in the one writing prose and the other verse,and it would put the work of Herodotus into verse,and it would still be a species of history; it consists really in this,that the one describes the thing that has been,and the other describes the thing that might be.Hence poetry is something more philosophic and of graves import than history,since its statemensts are of the nature rather of universals,whereas those of history are singulars.-Dabney Townsend,ed.Aesthetics,Classic Readings from Western Tradition,second edition (Belmont,California:Wadsworth Inc,a division of Thomson Learning Inc.,2001) 32.
  • 5[6]Poesy therefore is an art of imitation,forso Aristotle termeth it in the word mimesis-that is to say,a representing,counterfeiting,of figuring forth to speak metaphorically,a speaking picture-with this end,to teach and delight.-M.H.Abrams and others ed.The Norton Anthology of English Literature,fifth edition,2 vols.(New York:W.W.Norton & Company,1986) vol.1,p.508.
  • 6[7]There is always an appeal open from criticism to nature.The end of writing is to instruct; the end of poetry is to instruct by pleasing.-Vincent B.Leitch and others,ed.The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism,(New York:W.W.Norton Company,2001) 472.
  • 7[9]Sublimity is the echo of a noble mind.-Vincent B.Leitch (general editor),The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism (New York:W.W.Norton & Company,2001) 141.
  • 8[10]Sublimity,on the other hand,produced at the right moment,tears everything up like a whirlwind,and exhibits the orator's whole power at a single blow.-Vincent B.Leitch (general editor),The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism (New York:W.W.Norton & Company,2001)138.
  • 9[11]For it has been shown that it was deficiency of human reasoning power that gave rise to poetry so sublime that the philosophies which came afterward,the arts of poetry and of criticism,have produced none equal or better,and have even prevented its production.-Vincent B.Leitch (general editor),The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism (New York:W.W.Norton & Company,2001) 412.
  • 10[12]Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.-Vincent B.Leitch (general editor),The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism(New York:W.W.Norton & Company,2001) 661.
西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）
2006年 第2期

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